中国稻米

中国稻米

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广西优质稻米产业现状及发展对策

  1. 1 广西农业科学院水稻研究所/广西水稻遗传育种重点实验室，南宁 530007；2 合浦县农业科学研究所，广西 合浦 536100；3 贵港市良种繁殖示范农场，广西 贵港 537100；4 贺州市农业科学研究所，广西 贺州 542813；5 桂林市农业科学院，广西 桂林 541006；6 玉林市农业科学院，广西 玉林 537000；7 百色市农业科学研究所，广西 百色 533612；8 河池市农业科学研究所，广西 河池 546306
  • 出版日期:2020-07-20 发布日期:2020-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 罗群昌
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0200302）；广西科学研究与技术开发计划（桂科AA16380018）；国家农业产业体系广西创新团队（水稻）项目（nycytxgxcxtd-01-03）；广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项（2015YT13）

Development Status and Countermeasures of High Quality Rice Industry in Guangxi Province

  • Online:2020-07-20 Published:2020-07-20

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摘要： 通过发放调查问卷、电话咨询和面对面实地访谈相结合的方法对广西优质稻米产业链各环节情况进行调查分析，为促进广西优质稻米产业健康可持续发展提供依据与参考。结果表明，桂林、柳州、来宾、河池、百色、南宁、贵港等地优质稻生产应用品种类型以优质常规稻为主，占比60.0%以上；全区优质稻平均产量为431.2 kg/667 m2，其中百色、贵港等地的优质稻产量水平较高，超过450.0 kg/667 m2；全区机耕率、机收率较高，分别为85.7%和90.9%，而机插率、机烘率分别只有17.3%、7.5%；种植户自留种子率达52.6%；全区优质稻售价早稻平均2.96元/kg、晚稻平均3.23元/kg，主要是卖给粮食经纪人或粮食储备公司；主要粮食加工企业年收购加工优质稻36万t以上；优质米小包装批发价格在4 900～7 625元/t之间，散装的则在4 250～6 633元/t之间；优质米品牌众多，但缺乏有影响力的品牌。并就广西优质稻发展提出了7点建议：加大育种科研投入，加强品种在产业中的贡献度；加大稻田综合种养技术及高产栽培技术的研发与推广力度，提高技术在优质稻产业发展中的支撑力度；大力开展农事薄弱环节的社会化服务；大力发展生态优质稻种植；优化优质稻品种布局；加大对新型农业经营主体的扶持力度；加强对优质米品牌建设的支持。

关键词: 优质稻米, 产业发展, 广西

Abstract: In order to provide some evidences and references for exploring the healthy and sustainable development of high quality rice industry in Guangxi, the various aspects of Guangxi high quality rice industry chain were investigated and studied through the combination of questionnaires, telephone consultations and face-to-face field interviews. The results showed as follows: the varieties of high quality rice produced in Guilin, Liuzhou, Laibin, Hechi, Baise, Nanning and Guigang were mainly high quality conventional rice, accounting for more than 60.0%; the average yield of the whole area was 431.2 kg/667 m2, among which the high quality rice yields in Baise and Guigang were higher, exceeding 450.0 kg/667 m2; the level of machine farming and machine harvesting was high, accounting for 85.7% and 90.9% respectively, while the machine transplanting and machine drying were only 17.3% and 7.5% respectively; the self-retained seed rate of growers reached 52.6%. The price of high quality paddy is 2.96 Yuan/kg for the early rice and 3.23 Yuan/kg for the late rice, which is mainly sold to grain brokers or grain reserve companies; major grain processing enterprises purchased and processed more than 360,000 tons of high quality rice annually. The whole sale price of high quality rice small packaging is between 4,900 Yuan/t and 7,625 Yuan/t, and the bulk is between 4,250 Yuan/t and 6,633 Yuan/t; there are many high quality rice brands, but lack of influential brands. And put forward 7 suggestions on the development of high quality rice industry in Guangxi: the investment in scientific research of breeding may be increased to strengthen the contribution of varieties in the industry; the research and promotion of technology on comprehensive planting and cultivation in paddy field and high yield cultivation may be strengthened to improve the support of technology in the development of high quality rice industry; it is needed to vigorously carry out socialized services in the weak links of farming and develop ecological high quality rice planting; the layout of high quality rice varieties is needed to optimize; the support for new agricultural business entities and the construction of high quality rice brands should be strengthened.

Key words: high quality rice, industry development, Guangxi

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